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Het is verbluffend wat de geneeskunde tegenwoordig allemaal kan, maar hoe kwam je vroeger van kleine kwalen of heuse epidemieën af? Tot in de 19de eeuw pasten dokters allerlei onwaarschijnlijke methodes toe, van bloedzuigers tot medicijnen op basis van uitwerpselen. Je laten behandelen of niet? Dikwijls was het kiezen tussen de pest en de cholera. In de loop der tijden teisterde een waaier aan infecties de mensheid: jicht, scheurbuik, de pest, syfilis, lepra, tuberculose, pokken, mazelen, tyfus, gele koorts, malaria, cholera, epilepsie, hysterie… De remedies waren vaak erger dan de ziekten zelf. In de renaissance ontstonden de eerste moderne medische praktijken, zoals het gebruik van afbinddraad bij amputaties. Het was echter wachten op een pionier als Louis Pasteur voordat wetenschappelijk verantwoorde behandelingen hun intrede deden en vaccinaties of sterilisatie van medische instrumenten ingeburgerd raakten. Doorspekt met anekdotes, biedt Pest en cholera een fascinerend overzicht van allerlei afschuwelijke ziekten en hoe ze vroeger werden behandeld. Het stemt je ontzettend dankbaar voor de vooruitgang die de medische wetenschap intussen heeft geboekt. Minder geschikt voor gevoelige lezers.

History of human medicine --- geneeskunde --- ziekte --- geschiedenis --- History of Medicine

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The ADME Encyclopedia covers pharmacokinetic phenomena (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism and Excretion processes) and their relationship with the design of pharmaceutical carriers and the success of drug therapies. It covers both basic and advance knowledge, serving as introductory material for students of biomedical careers and also as reference, updated material for graduates and professionals working in any field related to pharmaceutical sciences (medicine, pharmaceutical technology, materials science, medicinal chemistry). Structured as alphabetically ordered entries and subentries, the Encyclopedia not only provides basic knowledge on ADME processes, but also detailed entries on some advanced subjects such as drug transporters, multi-drug resistance related to pharmacokinetic phenomena, last generation pharmaceutical carriers, pharmacogenomics, personalized medicine, bioequivalence studies, biowaivers, biopharmaceuticals, pharmacokinetic drug interactions or in silico and in vitro assessment of ADME properties.

History of human medicine --- Pharmacology. Therapy --- farmacologie --- Pharmacokinetics. --- Farmacocinètica

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Opioids are the mainstay in pain treatment and can be invaluable medications in palliative care. However, they are also responsible for the vast majority of preventable deaths related to drug use. This book presents an overview of the social and pharmacological aspects of opioid effects, aiming to provide researchers and health professionals with a firm understanding of their effects and mechanisms of action. The first section reviews the history of opioids from ancient civilizations to the current opioid crisis, gives voice to opioid users through first-hand testimonies, analyzes the existing international drug treatment agreements, and presents structured interventions for persons who misuse opioids. The second section covers state-of-the-art advances in the medical use of opioids, opioid-induced signal transduction, opioids in pain management, opioid use disorders and their treatment. It also presents an updated view of opioids as regulators of inflammation and host defense against pathogens and damage. The overall aim of this book is to provide the reader with a deeper knowledge of this field despite the complexities associated with the existence of numerous ligands, receptor subtypes, and complex pharmacological profiles. To this end, the chapter authors are specialists in the field who also have extensive experience in teaching, hoping to lend their expertise in translating complex concepts into comprehensive and clear explanations.

History of human medicine --- Pharmacology. Therapy --- Neuropathology --- neurologie --- farmacologie --- hersenen --- analgesie --- pijn --- Opioids.

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This book aims to address the infusion sequence of the main protocols used in the treatment of varied solid cancers. Since an inadequate infusion sequence can compromise the patient's treatment, this work will provide support to professionals working in the field of oncology in assessing each chemotherapy infusion sequence. The introductory chapters present the definition, indication, and the risks and benefits of polypharmacy in cancer therapy, and discuss the importance of drug combination in cancer treatment. Chapter 2 focuses on the challenges and also the toxicity of combination therapy in cancer, while chapter 3 highlights the parameters that must be evaluated before defining the infusion sequence, such as pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic profiles, drugs' stability when diluted or reconstituted, toxicological profile of each drug, among others. The remaining chapters are divided by type of cancer. The content is focused on solid tumors, dividing the chapters according to breast, gastrointestinal, genitourinary, gynecological, head and neck, lung, and neurological cancers. In each chapter the epidemiological profiles, pathophysiology, therapeutic modalities, and the main chemotherapy protocols are addressed, as well as efficacy studies and data on the infusion sequence of each mentioned protocol. This work will be a valuable resource to physicians, nurses, and pharmacists, and may help to improve health service practices.

History of human medicine --- Oncology. Neoplasms --- farmacologie --- oncologie --- Cancer --- Infusion therapy. --- Chemotherapy.

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The current book is focussed on the Toll-like receptors (TLRs), which are the first pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) discovered in humans. For example, TLR4 was first recognized in humans in 1997 as a PRR recognizing the Gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). This discovery revolutionized the field of innate immunity and filled the long-standing gap in the pathogen recognition by the immune system. Now, it is well established that humans have 10 (TLR1-TLR10) and mice have 12 (TLR1-TLR13) functional TLRs, excluding TLR10 that is present as a defective pseudogene. TLRs are present as both membrane-bound extracellular (TLR1, TLR2, TLR4, TLR5, TLR6, and TLR10) and intracellular (TLR3, TLR7, TLR8, and TLR9) PRRs in humans, which identify different pathogen or microbe-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs or MAMPs) and death or damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) released by the host cells. A lot of development in the TLR biology has occurred in last 24 years since there first discovery in humans. The book is intended to describe their role in the host defence, human reproduction, non-infectious sterile inflammatory conditions, including brain immunity and cerebrovascular diseases, signaling mechanisms, adaptive immunity, and their targeting for drug development.

History of human medicine --- Immunology. Immunopathology --- immunologie --- farmacologie --- Cell receptors. --- Cell receptors --- Physiological effect.